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Microsoft DirectX is a collection of application programming interfaces APIs for handling tasks related to multimedia , especially game programming and video, on Microsoft platforms. When Microsoft later set out to develop a gaming console, the X was used as the basis of the name Xbox to indicate that the console was based on DirectX technology.
The DirectX software development kit SDK consists of runtime libraries in redistributable binary form, along with accompanying documentation and headers for use in coding. Originally, the runtimes were only installed by games or explicitly by the user. The SDK is available as a free download.
While the runtimes are proprietary, closed-source software, source code is provided for most of the SDK samples. In late , Microsoft was ready to release Windows 95 , its next operating system. An important factor in the value consumers would place on it was the programs that would be able to run on it.
Microsoft employee Alex St. John had been in discussions with various game developers asking how likely they would be to bring their MS-DOS games to Windows 95, and found the responses mostly negative; programmers had found the Windows environment more difficult to develop for compared to MS-DOS or other gaming platforms. Due to numerous incompatible graphics drivers from new Compaq computers that were not tested with the WinG interface which came bundled with the game, it crashed so frequently on many desktop systems that parents had flooded Disney 's call-in help lines.
John recognized the resistances for game development under Windows would be a limitation, and recruited two additional engineers, Craig Eisler and Eric Engstrom , to develop a better solution to get more programmers to develop games for Windows.
The project was codenamed the Manhattan Project, as in relation to the World War II project of the same name , the idea was to displace the Japanese-developed video game consoles with personal computers running Microsoft's operating system. Most of the work by the three was done among other assigned projects starting near the end of The team opted to continue to use that naming scheme and call the project DirectX.
Eisler wrote about the frenzy to build DirectX 1 through 5 in his blog. Carmack agreed, and Microsoft's Gabe Newell led the porting project. The first game was released as Doom 95 in August , the first published DirectX game.
Microsoft promoted the game heavily with Bill Gates appearing in ads for the title. DirectX 2. Since Windows 95 was itself still new and few games had been released for it, Microsoft engaged in heavy promotion of DirectX to developers who were generally distrustful of Microsoft's ability to build a gaming platform in Windows. Alex St. John, the evangelist for DirectX, staged an elaborate event at the Computer Game Developers Conference which game developer Jay Barnson described as a Roman theme, including real lions , togas, and something resembling an indoor carnival.
The DirectX team faced the challenging task of testing each DirectX release against an array of computer hardware and software. A variety of different graphics cards, audio cards, motherboards, CPUs, input devices, games, and other multimedia applications were tested with each beta and final release. The DirectX team also built and distributed tests that allowed the hardware industry to confirm that new hardware designs and driver releases would be compatible with DirectX.
As 3D gaming grew, OpenGL developed to include better support for programming techniques for interactive multimedia applications like games, giving developers choice between using OpenGL or Direct3D as the 3D graphics API for their applications.
The API was developed jointly between Microsoft and Nvidia , which developed the custom graphics hardware used by the original Xbox. The Xbox was code named DirectXbox, but this was shortened to Xbox for its commercial name. In , Microsoft released DirectX 9 with support for the use of much longer shader programs than before with pixel and vertex shader version 2.
Microsoft has continued to update the DirectX suite since then, introducing Shader Model 3. DirectX has been confirmed to be present in Microsoft's Windows Phone 8. Real-time raytracing was announced as DXR in The original logo resembled a deformed radiation warning symbol.
Controversially, the original name for the DirectX project was the "Manhattan Project", a reference to the US nuclear weapons initiative. John , head of Microsoft DirectX evangelism at the time, claims [23] that the connotation of the ultimate outcome of the Manhattan Project the nuclear bombing of Japan is intentional, and that DirectX and its sister project, the Xbox which shares a similar logo , were meant to displace Japanese videogame-makers from their dominance of the video game industry.
DirectX functionality is provided in the form of COM -style objects and interfaces. DirectX 9 was released in for Windows 98, Me, and XP, and currently is supported by all subsequent versions. Microsoft continues to make changes in DirectX 9. As of January , Windows or XP is required.
This also introduced Shader Model 2. Changes for DirectX 10 were extensive. DLL was also removed and was replaced with dplayx. Direct3D Microsoft unveiled DirectX 11 at the Gamefest 08 event in Seattle.
The Final Platform Update launched for Windows Vista on October 27, , which was a week after the initial release of Windows 7 , which launched with Direct3D 11 as a base standard. Major scheduled features including GPGPU support DirectCompute , and Direct3D 11 with tessellation support [37] [38] and improved multi-threading support to assist video game developers in developing games that better utilize multi-core processors.
Hardware tessellation and Shader Model 5. This helps to keep backwards compatibility with previous versions of DirectX. The primary feature highlight for the new release of DirectX was the introduction of advanced low-level programming APIs for Direct3D 12 which can reduce driver overhead. Developers are now able to implement their own command lists and buffers to the GPU, allowing for more efficient resource utilization through parallel computation.
Ashes of the Singularity was the first publicly available game to utilize DirectX The performance discrepancies may be due to poor Nvidia driver optimizations for DirectX 12, or even hardware limitations of the card which was optimized for DirectX 11 serial execution; however, the exact cause remains unclear. In Microsoft announced the arrival of DirectX 12 to Windows 7 but only as a plug-in for certain game titles. Microsoft revealed DirectX 12 Ultimate in March DirectX 12 Ultimate will unify to a common library on both Windows 10 computers and the Xbox Series X and other ninth-generation Xbox consoles.
Among the new features in Ultimate includes DirectX Raytracing 1. The version number as reported by Microsoft's DxDiag tool version 4. Therefore, when the above table lists a version as '4. Various releases of Windows have included and supported various versions of DirectX, allowing newer versions of the operating system to continue running applications designed for earlier versions of DirectX until those versions can be gradually phased out in favor of newer APIs, drivers, and hardware.
Hardware manufacturers have to write these drivers for a particular DirectX version's device driver interface or DDI , and test each individual piece of hardware to make them DirectX compatible. Some hardware devices have only DirectX compatible drivers in other words, one must install DirectX in order to use that hardware. Early versions of DirectX included an up-to-date library of all of the DirectX compatible drivers currently available.
This practice was stopped however, in favor of the web-based Windows Update driver-update system, which allowed users to download only the drivers relevant to their hardware, rather than the entire library.
Prior to DirectX 10, DirectX runtime was designed to be backward compatible with older drivers, meaning that newer versions of the APIs were designed to interoperate with older drivers written against a previous version's DDI.
The application programmer had to query the available hardware capabilities using a complex system of "cap bits" each tied to a particular hardware feature.
In , Microsoft released a version of DirectX compatible with the Microsoft. In December , February , April , and August , Microsoft released successive updates to this library, culminating in a beta version called Managed DirectX 2.
While Managed DirectX 2. The Managed DirectX 2. It also supports the execution of managed code on the Xbox Developers are expected to redistribute the runtime components along with their games or applications. NET Framework. Many of these libraries are cross-platform or have open codebases. There are also alternative implementations that aim to provide the same API, such as the one in Wine.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Collection of multimedia related APIs on Microsoft platforms. For the synthesizer, see Yamaha DX9. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. October See also: Direct3D June May 19, The Economist.
November 24, PC Gamer. Retrieved December 7, The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 9, DirectDraw Application Programming Interface. April 20, DirectSound Application Programming Interface. DirectPlay Application Programming Interface. DirectInput Application Programming Interface. November 1,
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